Participation management system for videoconferencing

ABSTRACT

A method may include receiving a videoconference stream from a client device of a plurality of client devices participating in a videoconference, the videoconference stream comprising video content of a user of the client device and audio content of the user of the client device. The method may also include generating, during the videoconference and based at least in part on at least one of the video content and the audio content, a participation metric for the user of the client device, displaying, to the user and during the videoconference, first information based on the participation metric, updating the participation metric during the videoconference to produce an updated participation metric, and displaying, to the user and during the videoconference, second information based on the updated participation metric.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/017,621, filed Sep. 10, 2020 and titled“Participation Management System for Videoconferencing,” the disclosureof which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is generally directed to videoconferencingsystems and, more specifically, to systems and methods for managing andimproving user participation in videoconferences.

BACKGROUND

Videoconferencing is a convenient way to communicate with otherindividuals for personal or business purposes. Videoconferencing may bemore immersive and may facilitate more personal communications thanconventional voice-only communication technologies. Videoconferencingmay be especially useful for business settings and meetings withmultiple participants, as the ability to see the other participants mayfacilitate more seamless conversations, help prevent participants fromaccidentally interrupting each other, and the like. Videoconferencingmay also allow more frequent face-to-face communications when actualin-person meetings may be inconvenient or difficult.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is generally directed to videoconferencingsystems and methods for improving user engagement and participationduring videoconferences. For example, while videoconferences may be moreengaging than telephone conversations or conference calls, users mayfind participating in videoconferences to be more intimidating or moredifficult. This may result in valuable opinions, ideas, and viewpointsbeing lost, to the detriment of productivity and the development ofinterpersonal relationships.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 depicts an example videoconferencing system in which variousfeatures of the present disclosure may be implemented.

FIG. 2 depicts an example client device and user interface that may beused in the videoconferencing system described herein.

FIGS. 3A-3D depict examples of another client device and user interfacethat may be used in the videoconferencing system described herein.

FIG. 4 depicts an example of a client device and user interface that maybe used to view performance metrics for users of the videoconferencingsystem described herein.

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a client device and user interface that maybe used for training a user in the operations of the videoconferencingsystem described herein.

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a client device and user interface fordisplaying session information of a videoconference.

FIG. 7 depicts an example of a client device and user interface forcreating videoconferences.

FIG. 8 depicts an example videoconferencing services system for use withthe videoconferencing system.

While the invention as claimed is amenable to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments are shown by way of example inthe drawings and are described in detail. It should be understood,however, that the drawings and detailed description are not intended tolimit the invention to the particular form disclosed. The intention isto cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In the following description numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed invention. Itwill be apparent, however, that the claimed invention may be practicedwithout these specific details. In some instances, well-known structuresand devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoidunnecessary obscuring.

The present disclosure is generally directed to videoconferencingsystems and methods for improving user engagement and participationduring videoconferences. For example, while videoconferences may be moreengaging than telephone conversations or conference calls, users mayfind participating in videoconferences to be more intimidating or moredifficult. This may result in valuable opinions, ideas, and viewpointsbeing lost, to the detriment of productivity and the development ofinterpersonal relationships.

Accordingly, described herein is a videoconferencing systems and methodsthat can help quantify the extent to which participants are engaged inand contributing to videoconferences, and can help users improve theirlevels of participation and contribution. For example, thevideoconferencing system can determine participation metrics for theparticipants, which the participants, and optionally a videoconferencehost, can use to understand and track their progress. Participationmetrics may be based on one or more factors, such as the amount of timethat a participant is speaking, the amount of time that a participant islooking at the videoconference content, facial expressions of theparticipant, or the like.

Participation metrics may be determined in real-time during avideoconference, based in part on the video and/or content of thevideoconference streams from the participants of the videoconference.Participation metrics may also be based on historical participation dataassociated with the participants. For example, an employer may maintaina database of employment data for its employees, which may includeaggregate or individual participation metrics for that individual. Thestored participation metrics may be used to determine employees whoshould be encouraged to increase their participation in videoconferences(or other types of group interactions or meetings).

Participation goals may also be established for participants of avideoconference. The goals may be set by the user, or by a supervisor,mentor, or other individual. The goals may provide encouragement toincrease participation, contribution, and/or engagement in thevideoconferencing environment. Goals may be established for individualusers for individual videoconference sessions, and may be based onhistorical participation metrics. For example, historical participationmetrics may indicate that a particular individual speaks only 2% of theduration of a videoconference, on average. Accordingly, a goal may beestablished for that individual of a 5% speaking time invideoconferences. The individual's goal and their real-timeparticipation metric (and/or a graphical indicator representing areal-time progress towards a goal) may be shown to the user duringvideoconferences so the user can track their progress and adjust theirbehavior accordingly. Real-time and historical goals and participationmetrics for individuals may also be accessible to supervisors, mentors,or other authorized individuals. As described herein, the goals may bebased on various different participation metrics, and may be scaled ormodified based on the type of videoconference, the number ofparticipants in a videoconference, or the like. The participationmetrics and goals can be used to solicit a more diverse and inclusiveuser participation to make sure contributions are received from usershaving a variety of races, genders, nationalities, socioeconomicbackgrounds, and other demographic qualities or characteristics.

As noted above, participation metrics and participation goals may bebased on various different participation factors, such as an amount oftime speaking, facial expressions, body language, speaking tone andrate, and the like. In order to foster success, a training interface maybe provided in which users can see how their behavior may affect theirparticipation metrics. For example, when using the training interface,the user's device may capture audio and video streams of the user, andsample participation metrics may be determined in real-time from theaudio and video streams. The user can then practice different tones ofvoice and see how closely it matches a target or what emotions may bedetected from those tones of voice, see how different facial expressionseffect an attentiveness score, and the like. In some cases, samples oftarget facial expressions, body language, speech patterns, or the likemay be displayed or otherwise provided to the user in the traininginterface so that the user can attempt to match the samples.

The videoconferencing systems described herein may leverage stored dataabout videoconference participants, including historical videoconferenceparticipation metrics, employee status/roles, stored participationgoals, and the like. Accordingly, the videoconferencing systems mayinclude or use data stores (e.g., databases), which may be integratedwith an employer or other entity's existing data stores. More broadly,the videoconferencing system may be integrated with or part of otherdata stores and systems of a collaborative work environment. In somecases, the videoconferencing system leverages its integration with anemployer or other entity's existing data stores to provide additionalfunctionality related to videoconferencing systems. For example, thevideoconferencing system may assist in creating and curatingvideoconferences by facilitating the creation and storage of agendas,recommending documents to be associated with or presented during avideoconference (e.g., based on a specified subject of thevideoconference), recommending invitees for videoconferences (e.g.,based on a specified subject of the videoconference and/or otherinvitees), and the like.

The videoconferencing systems and methods described herein may helpimprove user engagement and participation during videoconferences, andcan help ensure that all participants are being afforded opportunitiesto contribute, especially those who have historically beenunderrepresented or have otherwise had less success in contributingtheir ideas and opinions in videoconference or other social orcommercial settings. By encouraging and facilitating participation inthis manner, opinions, ideas, and viewpoints may be elicited from a morevaried, diverse group of individuals, leading to greater collaborationand more successful group outcomes. For example, the systems andtechniques described herein may be used to promote diversity andinclusion by ensuring participation and contributions from a greatervariety of users including a greater variety of races, genders, ages, orother demographic or socioeconomic backgrounds.

FIG. 1 depicts an example videoconferencing system 100 in which thetechniques described herein may be employed. The videoconferencingsystem 100 includes a videoconference services system 102 and clientdevices 104 (104-1, . . . , 104-n) that communicate via a network 106(e.g., the Internet). The videoconference services system 102 mayinclude one or more servers, data stores (e.g., databases), programs, orother components, systems, or subsystems that provide functionalitydescribed herein. For example, the videoconference services system 102may provide videoconferencing services, such as receiving video streamsand audio streams from multiple client devices and providing the videoand audio streams to other client devices. The videoconference servicessystem 102 may also provide data storage and analytics services thatenable or facilitate the generation of participation metrics andparticipation metric goals, videoconference scheduling services, and thelike. While the videoconferencing services system 102 is shown as asingle object in FIG. 1, the videoconference services system 102 mayinclude a number of different servers, computers, computing systems, orthe like, distributed over network or otherwise in communication withone another to provide the services of the videoconference servicessystem 102.

The client devices 104 represent various types of client devices thatmay be used by participants in videoconferences. The client devices 104may be devices such as laptop computers, mobile phones, tabletcomputers, desktop computers, televisions, dedicated videoconferencingsystems, or the like. The client devices 104 may include cameras,microphones, and associated systems to capture video and/or audiocontent of a user, as well as displays and audio output systems topresent other video and/or audio content associated with avideoconference.

The client devices 104 may send and receive videoconference streams tothe videoconference services system 102 and/or other client devices viaconnections 112 (112-1, . . . , 112-n). Similarly, the videoconferenceservices system 102 may send and receive videoconference streams viaconnection 114. Videoconference streams may include video content andaudio content of the user of the client devices. The videoconferencestreams may also include other data from the client devices 104 and/orthe videoconference services system 102, including documents,presentation materials, performance metrics, graphics, interactivecontent (e.g., checklists, quizzes), and the like. Other types of datatransfer or communications between and among the client devices 104 andthe videoconference services system 102 may also be provided via theconnections 112.

The client devices 104 may be associated with different types ofvideoconference participants, and may provide different user interfacesbased on the type or the role of the participant (and/or based on thepreferences of the participant). For example, the client 104-2 may beassociated with a review user. As used herein, a review user refers to auser who is authorized to see performance metrics of one or more otherusers. Accordingly, the client 104-2 may display a review-user interface110 that includes videoconference streams of the participants as well asperformance metrics and optionally other data for each of theparticipants. The client 104-1 may represent a participant who is not areview user, and as such may display a participant interface 108 thatshows the videoconference stream of the presenter or an active speaker,and optionally the performance metric for the user of the client 104-1.While FIG. 1 shows one client with a review-user interface and oneclient with a participant interface, a videoconference may include manyparticipants of different categories, and may include multiplereview-users and participants.

Review users may be or become authorized as review users in variousdifferent ways, and may have varying different permissions. For example,a supervisor may be a review user for all of his or her subordinates, ora team leader may be a review user for all of the team members. Thesepermissions and/or authorizations may be established by virtue of roleswithin a company or team, or the like. As another example, an individualmay be allowed to authorize any other user to act as a review user.Thus, any individual may be able to select friends or unofficial mentorsas review users to help the individual improve or increase theirparticipation in videoconference settings. There is not necessarily asingle hierarchy to or limitation on the number of review users andnon-review users in a videoconference, and different users may be reviewusers for different sub-groups of participants. In some cases there maybe at least one participant (e.g., a host who initiated thevideoconference) who is a review user for all other participants.

FIG. 2 depicts the client device 104-1 displaying an example participantinterface 108. As noted above, the client device 104-1 may include adisplay 201 for displaying the participant interface 108, as well as acamera 214 for capturing images (e.g., video and/or still images) of auser of the client device 104-1, and a microphone 215 (or other audiocapture device) for capturing audio of the user of the client device104-1. The client device 104-1 may also include communications systemsfor sending and receiving videoconference streams.

The participant interface 108 may include a video stream region 202, aparticipation analytics region 204, and a session information region206. In some cases, only a subset of these regions are shown at a giventime, and the particular sizes and locations of the regions may beselectable by the user (and may be different than those shown in FIG.2).

The video stream region 202 may show video streams of otherparticipants. Video stream 208 may correspond to a host, presenter, oractive speaker on the videoconference, and may be more prominentlydisplayed (e.g., it may be larger than others). Video streams 210(210-1, . . . , 210-n) may correspond to other participants in thevideoconference, and may correspond to participants who are notcurrently talking, or are not the presenter or host. The video stream ofthe user of the client device 104-1 may also be included in the videostream region 202. The video stream of the user may be shown in theposition of the video stream 208, or the video streams 210. In theexample shown in FIG. 2, the video stream of the user of the clientdevice 104 may be video stream 210-2. The particular size andarrangement of the video streams may be different than what is shown inFIG. 2, and may be customizable by the user of the client device 104-1.

The session information region 206 may display information associatedwith the videoconference. For example, the session information region206 may display a presentation (e.g., a slide deck), documents, ameeting agenda, a checklist, images, interactive content (e.g., a surveyor quiz), a “whiteboard” region that accepts text or drawing inputs, orthe like. The contents of the session information region 206 may bedefined by a meeting host, though permissions may also be granted forother participants to change, modify, or update the contents of thesession information region 206.

The participation analytics region 204 may display, to the user of theclient device 104-1 and during a videoconference, participation metricsand/or information that is based at least in part on the participationmetrics. The participation metrics shown in FIG. 2 include a timespeaking metric 212 and an attention metric 214. The participationanalytics region 204 also shows a progress towards a participationmetric goal 216. The values of the participation metrics (and/or theinformation that is based on participation metrics) may be displayed invarious ways, and the manner of display may be based at least in part onthe metric itself. For example, the time speaking metric 212 may displayan actual amount of time that the user of the client device 104-1 hasbeen speaking during this videoconference. In other cases, the timespeaking metric 212 may display how long the user of the client device104-1 has spoken as a percentage of the elapsed videoconference time(e.g., if the user was speaking for 2 minutes of the first 4 minutes ofa videoconference, the time speaking metric 212 may show a 50% value atthe 4 minute mark of the videoconference). The time speaking metric 212may be determined, by the videoconferencing system 100, based at leastin part on an analysis of the audio content in the videoconferencestream from the client device 104-1 (e.g., analyzing the audio contentto determine the duration that the user is speaking).

The attention metric 214 may represent a percentage of the elapsedvideoconference time that the user of the client device 104-1 has beenattentive to the videoconference. The attention metric 214 may bedetermined by the videoconferencing system 100 based on one or morefactors. For example, the attention metric 214 may be determined basedon an amount of time that the user is looking at the videoconferencecontent (e.g., as determined by analyzing the video content of theuser's videoconference stream to determine where the users eyes aredirected and comparing that with the location of the videoconferencecontent on the client device's screen). As another example, theattention metric 214 may be based on an amount of time that the userspends with his or her microphone muted or their camera deactivated.

As another example, the attention metric 214 may be determined based ona duration that the user's facial expression or body language isindicative of inattentiveness. This may include, for example, analyzingthe video content of the user's videoconference stream, extracting orotherwise identifying features of the user's face or body in the image,and determining whether the identified features are indicative ofinattentiveness. Examples of expressions or body language that may beindicative of inattentiveness may include, for example, closed eyes,nodding head, slumped shoulders, a head turned away from the display,resting a head on ones hands, or the like. In some cases, machinelearning techniques may be used to analyze video content to identifyfacial expressions or body language that are indicative ofinattentiveness. For example, the video content may be analyzed using amodel that is trained on a corpus of images (e.g., still or videoimages) that are classified or tagged as being associated with attentionor inattention.

As another example, the attention metric 214 may be based on an amountof time that the user spends interacting with computer content orprograms other than the videoconference content. For example, the client104-1 may monitor what applications, websites, and/or files are beingused or accessed while the user is participating in the videoconference.The user's attention metric 214 may be decreased if the user is engagingwith applications, websites, files, or the like that are not associatedwith the videoconference (e.g., email applications, messagingapplications, web browsers, etc.). The attention metric 214 may also bebased at least in part on whether the user is speaking while his or hermicrophone is muted (which may be detected by analyzing the user's faceto detect lip movements), indicating that the user is interacting withpeople or things other than the videoconference content. The attentionmetric 214 may be based on one of the foregoing factors individually, ora combination of the foregoing factors (and/or additional factors notexplicitly described).

The participation analytics region 204 may also display a progresstowards a participation metric goal 216. The participation metric goal216 may indicate the user's progress towards a participation metric goalthat has been established for a given videoconference. The participationmetric goal may relate to a single participation metric, such as anamount of time speaking or an attentiveness level, or it may be based ona combination of multiple participation metrics. For example, theparticipation metric goal may be based on an average (or a weightedaverage) of a multiple participation metrics. In some cases, separateparticipation metric goals may be established and displayed forindividual participation metrics.

Different participation metric goals for the users may also beestablished for videoconferences based on properties of thevideoconferences. For example, for a videoconference that is primarily apresentation (e.g., with limited or no opportunity for participants tospeak), the participation metric may be based on attentiveness, whereasa videoconference that is meant to be a collaborative discussion amongmembers of a team, the participation may be based entirely or primarilyon time speaking.

Participation metric goals for users may also be dynamically updated forindividual videoconferences based on factors such as the number ofparticipants in a videoconference, the duration of the videoconference,the goals of other participants in the videoconference, the role of anindividual in a videoconference, or the like. For example, goals basedon speaking time may be scaled or modified for a given videoconferenceso that each participant in the videoconference can achieve their goals.This may help prevent circumstances where participants are incentivizedto maximize their own speaking time at the expense of others. By showinga participant's progress towards a goal to the user, in real-time duringthe video conference, the user can not only track their own progress sothat they can achieve their goals, but also visualize when they have mettheir goals so that they can allow and encourage other participants toincrease their contributions. This may foster a more collaborative,encouraging environment in which participants who may feel intimidatedor otherwise unable to contribute their opinions are more consistentlyencouraged to become engaged. Indeed, by fostering greater participationin this way, the system may result in greater sharing of viewpoints andopinions from a group having greater diversity across factors such asage, socioeconomic status, gender, race, employment status, and thelike.

Participation metric goals for users may also be based on one or moreattributes or properties of the users themselves. For example,participation metric goals may be different for junior employees (e.g.,lower) as compared to more senior employees. As another example,participation metrics may be based on the user's title within anorganization (e.g., manager, engineer, salesperson, etc.). Other exampleattributes or properties that may be used in generating participationmetric goals may include employee role, employee title, seniority level,duration of employment, historical participation metric information,network connectivity information (e.g., Internet speed), demographicinformation (e.g., geographical location, age, salary, previousemployment roles, etc.), or the like. Such information may be stored ina data store, such as a user profile database (e.g., the user profiledatabase 808, FIG. 8).

Attributes and/or properties such as those described above may be usedto scale or weight participation metric goals for individual users. Forexample, a participation metric goal may be initially be calculated foran individual without regard to the duration of their tenure with anorganization, and then scaled by a multiplier based on the duration oftheir tenure with an organization. As one non-limiting example, anemployee who has been with an organization less than 1 year may havetheir participation metric goal scaled by a 0.8 multiplier (e.g., sotheir goal is less than a more senior employee).

Participation metric goals may also be based at least in part on theattributes and/or properties, as well as the participation metrics andparticipation metric goals, of other users of a videoconferencingsystem. For example, a participation metric goal for a given user may bebased at least in part on a normalized distribution of participationmetrics of a group of other users. As a specific example, aparticipation metric goal for a given user may be set to be equal to theaverage participation metric of a group of other users. Theparticipation metric goal may be scaled based on factors such asseniority within an organization, or other attributes and/or propertiesof the user (as described above). The group of users from which anormalized distribution (or average, mean, median, or other suitablevalue) may be determined may be a subset of all of the users of thesystem, and the subset may be selected or filtered based on any suitablecriteria. In some cases, the subset of users may be those with one ormore attributes and/or properties in common with the given user for whoma participation metric goal is being generated. For example, the subsetof users may be those having a same or equivalent job title, or thosehaving the same or similar tenure within an organization, or those fromthe same or similar geographic area as the given user.

The subset of users may be based on a single attribute and/or property,or multiple attributes and/or properties associated with users (e.g., inthe user profile database 808). For example, as noted above, the subsetof users may be those having the same job title as the given user. Asanother example, the subset of users may be those having a same jobtitle, similar tenure, and living in the same geographic region as thegiven user. Users may also be able to determine their own participationmetric goals based on the average metrics of different subsets of users,and may be able to determine multiple participation metrics based on theparticipation metrics of multiple different subsets of users. Forexample, a user may establish one participation metric goal that is setto the average participation metric of all users of the same age, andanother goal that is set to the average participation metric of allusers having the same job title.

While the foregoing examples, describe establishing performance metricgoals as the average value of performance metrics of others, this ismerely one example, and goals may be set at a highest performance metricin a distribution, or a percentile rank, or a number of standarddeviations from a particular target. For example, a user may set theirperformance metric goal to be above the 80^(th) percentile for all usersof the same job title and tenure. Further, such performance metric goalsmay be set by the user, the user's supervisor or employer, orautomatically by the videoconferencing system 100.

The information in the participation analytics region 204 may begenerated by one or more components of the videoconferencing system 100in real-time during a videoconference and based in part on the audioand/or video content of the client's videoconference stream. In somecases, the information in the participation analytics region 204 may begenerated by a client device 104, the videoconference services system102, or a combination thereof. Further, the participation metrics andthe progress towards a participation metric goal may be updated duringthe videoconference based on the audio and/or video content of a user ofthe client device during the videoconference. In this way, eachparticipant can see their progress and participation metrics change inreal-time, and can have an accurate picture of their progress and thedegree to which they are contributing.

FIG. 3A depicts the client device 104-2 displaying an examplereview-user interface 110. The client device 104-2 may include a display301, camera 314, and microphone 315, all of which may be similar to thecorresponding components described with respect to FIG. 2, and thedetails of these components are omitted here for brevity.

The review-user interface 110 may include a video stream region 302, aparticipation metrics region 304, and a session information region 306.In some cases, only a subset of these regions are shown at a given time,and the particular sizes and locations of the regions may be selectableby the user (and may be different than those shown in FIG. 3A).

The video stream region 302 may show video streams 310 (210-1, . . . ,210-n) of other participants, and may optionally show all of theparticipants for whom the user of the client device 104-2 is a reviewuser. The particular size and arrangement of the video streams may bedifferent than what is shown in FIG. 3A, and may be customizable by theuser of the client device 104-2.

The session information region 306 may be the same as or analogous tothe session information region 206, and may display informationassociated with the videoconference. For example, the sessioninformation region 306 may display a presentation (e.g., a slide deck),documents, a meeting agenda, a checklist, images, interactive content(e.g., a survey or quiz), a “whiteboard” region that accepts text ordrawing inputs, or the like. The contents of the session informationregion 306 may be defined by a meeting host (which may be the user ofthe client device 104-2), though permissions may also be granted forother participants to change, modify, or update the contents of thesession information region 306.

The participation metrics region 304 may display, to the user of theclient device 104-2 and during a videoconference, selectableparticipation metrics (and/or information that is based at least in parton the participation metrics) for participants for whom the user of theclient device 104-2 is a review user. For the purposes of FIG. 3A, theuser of the client device 104-2 is a review user for all of theparticipants shown in the video stream region 302, though this is notnecessarily true for all implementations.

The participation metrics shown in the participation metrics section 304may be selectable by the review user. Upon selection of a participationmetric, the selected participation metrics of the target users (e.g.,those shown in video streams 310) may be displayed to the review user.For example, FIG. 3B illustrates the client device 104-2 after thereview user has selected the “time speaking” participation metric. Asshown, the participation metrics section 304 may display a list of “timespeaking” metrics for each of the users shown in the video stream region302. The time speaking metrics may be displayed in ranked order (e.g.,lowest to highest) to help the review user quickly determine who mightnot be getting enough opportunities to contribute to thevideoconference. The review user can then take remedial measures, suchas inviting users who have lower participation metrics to contribute tothe videoconference.

While FIG. 3B illustrates one example participation metric (“timespeaking”), a similar listing may appear for any selected participationmetric or progress towards a goal. This may allow a review user to seeindividual metrics for the users and gain a more granular understandingof their level or contribution, participation, and/or attentiveness tothe videoconference.

In some cases, graphical indicators may be displayed in association withthe video streams of users who have achieved their participation metricgoal for a given participation metric. For example, FIG. 3B includes agraphical indicator, such as a badge, shown in association with (e.g.,overlaid on) the video stream 310-4, indicating that the user associatedwith the video stream 310-4 has met his goal for the selected “timespeaking” participation metric. This may provide a fast and efficientway to indicate to the review user who has met their goals and whoshould be encouraged to contribute more to the discussion.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example interface in which a single participationmetric (e.g., “time speaking”) is shown for each user. In some cases,the review user may prefer to view multiple participation metrics for asingle participant. This may be achieved by the review user clicking on,tapping, or otherwise selecting a particular video stream 310. FIG. 3Cillustrates an example of the review-user interface 110 in which thefirst video stream 310-1 has been selected. Box 318 (or any othersuitable graphical indicator) may be graphically indicate which of thevideo streams 310 has been selected. Once a video stream has beenselected, multiple participation metrics and progress indicators for theassociated user may be displayed in the participation metrics section304. The user may select other video streams in order to view theparticipation metrics and progress indicators for those other users.

FIG. 3D illustrates another example interface for visualizingparticipation metrics for multiple users. In particular, a review usermay select a participation metric from the list of participation metricsin the participation metrics section 304 (e.g., the “attention”participation metric, as indicated by the dashed box in FIG. 3D). Inresponse to the selection, graphical indicators 316 (316-1, . . . ,316-n) representing the “attention” participation metric for each useris shown in conjunction with the associated video stream. The graphicalindicators 316 may provide a fast and efficient way for the review userto visualize the relative participation metrics of each of the users.

In some cases, in response to a selection of a participation metric, thevideo streams 310 may be displayed in ranked order based on the valuesof the participation metrics associated with the video streams 310(e.g., lowest to highest), thereby causing the users who may benefitfrom some encouragement to contribute to the videoconference to be moreprominently displayed to the review user. Instead of or in addition todisplaying the video streams 310 in ranked order, the video streams ofusers with lower participation metrics may be emphasized or graphicallydifferentiated in other ways. For example, the video streams may becolor-coded based on their participation metrics (e.g., lower values maybe shown with a red border, middle values with a yellow border, andhigher value with a green border). As another example, video streams ofindividuals having lower participation metrics may be shown larger thanthose with higher metrics, and/or video streams of individuals havinghigher metrics (and/or those who have already achieved a participationmetric goal) may be removed from the video stream region 302 (until thatindividual begins speaking again and/or is selected by the review user).

While FIGS. 2-3D show example interfaces with a particular number andarrangement of video streams, it will be understood that these aremerely exemplary, and more or fewer video streams may be shown, and theymay be shown in arrangements other than those depicted in FIGS. 2-3D.Further, the positions, locations, shapes, sizes, and amount of videostreams shown in an interface may be selectable and/or customizable by auser. Where a videoconference includes more participants than canpractically be shown on a single screen or interface, a user may selecta subset of video streams to view (or the videoconferencing system 100may select the subset automatically). In some cases, whomever is theactive speaker, as determined by the videoconferencing system 100, maybe automatically displayed larger, more prominently, or in associationwith a graphical indicator showing that they are the active speaker.

Further, while certain example graphics are shown in the figures todemonstrate how participation metrics and progress towards goals may bepresented to users, other types of graphics, text, or the like may beused instead of or in addition to those shown. For example, times,percentages, numerical values, color-coded graphical indicators, scaledvalues (e.g., a value on a 1-10 or 1-100 scale), emoticons, or the likemay be used to indicate participation metrics and/or progress towardsgoals.

As noted above, the videoconferencing system described herein may beintegrated with or part of other data stores and systems of acollaborative work environment, such as an employer, company, or thelike. In such cases, some users may have authority to view and/ormonitor the performance metrics of other users, set and monitorperformance metric goals, and the like. Accordingly, thevideoconferencing system may provide a management interface that may beused to view performance metrics and view and set goals for users. Themanagement interface may be available outside of actual videoconferenceevents so that managers, supervisors, or other authorized individualscan view and modify data outside the context of actual videoconferences.

FIG. 4 depicts a client device 400 showing an example managementinterface 402. The management interface 402 may display user profiles404 (404-1, . . . , 404-n), or portions thereof, of users of thevideoconferencing system. The user profiles may show historicalparticipation metrics, progress towards participation goals, and allowthe supervisor or review user to set and/or modify performance metricgoals for the users. The information in the user profiles 404 may beprovided from a user profile data store, which may be part of the videoconferencing system, and which may be shared with other systems such asa human resources system, an employee database, and the like. The datashown in the user profiles 404 may therefore be accessible by systemsother than the videoconferencing system.

The videoconferencing system may also provide a training interface whereindividual users can monitor their progress, view their participationmetrics (e.g., metrics for individual videoconferences and/or cumulativemetrics over multiple videoconferences), and view and modify their ownperformance metric goals. The training interface may also allow users toexperience how the videoconferencing system analyzes their performanceoutside of the context of a live videoconference.

FIG. 5 depicts a client device 500 showing an example training interface502. The training interface 502 may include an audio and video analysisregion 504 (referred to herein as an A/V analysis region 504 forbrevity) and a participation analytics region 506. The participationanalytics region 506 may display participation metrics for the user whois interacting with the training interface 502. For example, theparticipation analytics region 506 may display metrics such as timespeaking (e.g., total time over multiple videoconferences, average timeper videoconference, average percentage of videoconference spentspeaking, or any other suitable formulation), attention levels, etc. Theparticipation analytics region 506 may also show the user's progresstowards a participation metric goal (either set by the user or asupervisor, review user, or the like), and allow the user to establishhis or her own participation metric goal.

The A/V analysis region 504 may provide a real-time view into how thevideoconferencing system analyzes the user's audio and video streams todetermine factors such as the user's attention, engagement, and thelike. For example, the A/V analysis region 504 may display a videostream 510, showing a live view of the feed from the client's camera.The A/V analysis region 504 may optionally show a target expressionregion 512, which may be an image of the user or a generic image of anattentive person. The user may attempt to modify his or her expression,body language, body positioning, or the like to mimic that shown in thetarget expression 512. In some cases, the videoconferencing system maycompare the video stream 510 to the target expression 512 and provide anindication (e.g., a graphical indicator 513, such as a green dot) whenthe user's actual expression matches the target expression 512. Theuser's expression need not match the target expression exactly, and thevideoconferencing system may indicate a match even when the user'sexpression deviates somewhat from the target expression. Further, theuser may be able to select the particular image or expression to be usedas the target expression (e.g., so that the user can establish acomfortable or natural expression for themselves), or it may begenerated automatically by the videoconferencing system, such as bycapturing a still image of the user at a time when the user's attentionwas determined to be high.

The A/V analysis region 504 may also include a vocal analysis indicator508. The vocal analysis indicator may indicate the user's speakingspeed, and display a target speaking speed, as shown by the indicator509. To use the vocal analysis indicator 508, the user may speak intohis or her microphone, and the videoconferencing system may performvocal analysis on the audio stream from the client device 500 todetermine the user's speaking speed. The user may then modify his or herspeaking speed to see how the system reacts, and can practice speakingat a pace that is at or near the target pace. The user may also be ableto establish a target or baseline pace by recording themselves speakingat a natural and comfortable pace.

In some cases, the videoconferencing system may also analyze the prosodyof the user's speech, and provide feedback as to what emotions orsentiments may be detectable in the user's voice. The training interface502 may then provide an indication of what emotions or sentiments aredetected so that the user can modify his or her speech patterns, tone ofvoice, and the like, and see how the changes affect the detectedemotions or sentiments. For example, if the videoconferencing systemdetects sarcasm, anger, or frustration in the user's speech patterns,the user can be more aware of how their speech patterns may be perceivedby others. The user may also be able to establish a target or baselineprosody by recording themselves speaking at a natural and comfortabletone and inflection, so that they can monitor how or if the prosody oftheir voice changes when they are speaking.

The A/V analysis region 504 may also include an attention analysisindicator 514. The attention analysis indicator 514 may display areal-time view of how the videoconferencing system is measuring theuser's attention. As noted above, an attention participation metric maybe based on various different factors, including gaze direction (e.g.,what is the user looking at), what applications on the client device 500the user is interacting with, the user's body language and/or facialexpression, and the like. When using the training interface 502, theuser may test out different actions, such as looking at differentportions of the display, interacting with other applications, mutingtheir microphone, and see how they affect the way that the systemmeasures attention. Further, users may provide video and/or image datathat may be used to generate a baseline of attentiveness, so that thenatural differences in users' expressions and appearances may beaccommodated by the system.

In some cases, the training interface 502 may provide information to theuser that is not used as a factor in any participation metrics. Forexample, prosody and facial expression analyses may be provided forconvenience of the user and to help them improve or change theirperformance in videoconferences, but they may be omitted fromparticipation metrics, monitoring, recording, or the like. Further,users may be able to determine the extent to which any of their audioand/or video content is reviewed, analyzed, stored, or the like. Forexample, a user may select which types of performance metrics arepermitted to be generated, what information or data may be used togenerate the performance metrics, who may or may not see or store theperformance metrics (or information or data on which they are based),and the like. In some cases, users may be able to opt-out of any and allrecording or analysis of their videoconference streams and/or otherassociated data (e.g., application monitoring, etc.).

FIG. 6 depicts a client device 600 showing an example sessioninformation interface 602. The session information interface 602 maycorrespond to the session information regions 206, 306 described above.As shown in FIGS. 2-3D, the session information interface may bedisplayed along with other interface regions, such as video streamregions and participation analytics regions. FIG. 6 depicts the sessioninformation interface 602 in a full-screen mode, which may be selectableby individual users.

The session information interface 602 includes an agenda region 604, apresentation region 606, and a content input region 608. The agendaregion 604 may display an agenda for a videoconference, which may havebeen prepared or provided prior to the videoconference time by avideoconference host or other user. The agenda region 604 may include aprogress indicator 603 (e.g., the dashed box around “Topic 2, Item 1”)that tracks the progress of the videoconference. The progress indicator603 may be moved and/or updated manually by a participant (e.g., thehost), or it may be automatically updated by the videoconferencingsystem 100. Where the progress indicator 603 is automatically updated bythe videoconferencing system 100, the videoconferencing system 100 mayanalyze the audio streams of the videoconference to determine thesubject matter of the discussion and/or otherwise determine which agendaitem or topic is being addressed. The videoconferencing system 100 maythen automatically display the progress indicator 603 in associationwith the appropriate agenda item or topic.

The presentation region 606 may display the slides of a presentationassociated with the videoconference, and may optionally providepresentation controls to the presenter (who may be the host or adifferent participant). The presentation region 606 may also displayfiles, images (still and/or video), documents, or any other content thatis to be displayed or shared during the videoconference.

The content input region 608 may accept various types of input from theparticipants in the videoconference. The content input region 608 may beedited by all of the participants, or only a subset of the participants(e.g., only the host and/or those authorized by the host).

The content input region 608 may allow the creation of action items ortasks, and may facilitate the assignment of individuals or teams to thevarious tasks. Because the videoconferencing system 100 may beintegrated with data stores and systems of a collaborative workenvironment, created action items or tasks, as well as assignments ofindividuals or teams to the tasks may be stored and utilized in otheraspects of the collaborative work environment. For example, anassignment of an action item to an individual during a videoconferencemay cause the action item to be included on a list of action itemsassociated with that individual, which may be accessed, monitored,updated, modified, and/or completed outside the context of thevideoconference in which the action item was created and/or assigned. Ifa user is assigned to an action item during a videoconference, dataabout the action item and/or videoconference may also be associated withthat user. For example, if a user is assigned to a task of updating acustomer list during a videoconference about marketing efforts, datastores of the collaborative work environment may be updated to associatethe user with concepts such as “marketing” and “customer lists.” Suchinformation may be accessed and used to track the expertise andexperience of individuals within a work environment. Such associationsmay also be used to improve the assignment of tasks and/or othercollaborations that are facilitated by the session information interface602. For example, if an action item is created that relates to updatinga customer list, the videoconferencing system 100 may determine (e.g.,with reference to data stores about the videoconference participants)that several of the participants have expertise in customer lists. Thevideoconferencing system 100 may recommend that those users be assignedto the newly created action item (e.g., by displaying a list of theusers along with an indication of why they were recommended).

As noted above, the videoconferencing system 100 may provide functionsand services that facilitate the organization and creation ofvideoconferences. Indeed, the videoconferencing system 100 may provideservices that extend beyond the videoconference itself. For example, thevideoconference system 100 may assist in videoconference creation,provide document and presentation management services, assist increating and maintaining agendas and follow-up items, aid in selectingparticipants, and the like.

FIG. 7 depicts a client device 700 showing an example session creationinterface 702. The session creation interface 702 provides an interfacewhere users can create a videoconference and associate content with avideoconference. The session creation interface 702 may include asession materials region 704, a subject matter tagging region 706, aninvitee input region 708, and a participant suggestion region 710.

The session materials region 704 provides an interface for a host orcreator to select materials for presentation or access during thevideoconference. For example, the host may select presentations (e.g.,slide decks), documents, files, images (still and/or video), or anyother suitable content. The materials that are selected may be displayedduring the videoconference, accessible during the videoconference, orthey may be identified in order to indicate subject matter(s) that willbe addressed during the videoconference. In the latter case, the hostmay select the materials to facilitate the system-providedrecommendations of participants (as described below). By selectingmaterials in the session materials region 704, the videoconferencingsystem 100 may link the videoconference being created to those documents(and their contents), which may be stored in data stores of thevideoconferencing system 100 as described herein (e.g., the file store804, FIG. 8). The link between the videoconference, the videoconferenceparticipants, the materials associated with or used during thevideoconference, and the content generated during the videoconference(e.g., tasks, action items, etc.) may persist and be used to generatesuggestions and content for future videoconferences or other purposes.

The subject matter tagging region 706 may provide an interface for ahost or creator to select or identify subject matters that may bediscussed during or that may be related to the content of thevideoconference. The subject matter identifiers may be manuallygenerated, selected from a list, or the like. Where the subject matteridentifiers are selected from a list, the subject matter identifiers maybe obtained from data stores associated with the collaborative workenvironment, including, for example, names or titles of projectsassociated with the collaborative work environment, names of documentsor files, names of teams or groups within the collaborative workenvironment, products or services associated with the collaborative workenvironment, or the like.

The invitee input region 708 provides an interface for a host or creatorto select invitees for the videoconference. The invitees may be manuallyentered, or may be selected from a list (e.g., an employee listassociated with the collaborative work environment).

The participant suggestion region 710 displays participant suggestionsthat are generated by the videoconferencing system 100 based onparameters of the videoconference being created. The participantsuggestions may be based on various factors, including withoutlimitation the session materials associated with the videoconference,the subject matter associated with the videoconference, the currentinvitees of the videoconference, an individual's role or job title, anindividual's contribution history (generally, or specifically related toa subject matter, file, or topic of the videoconference), or the like.The participation suggestion region 710 may also indicate a reason forthe suggestion. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the videoconferencingsystem 100 may suggest “User 3” as a participant, and may indicate thatthe suggestion is based on the user's association with “Document 1,”which has been associated with the videoconference. As another example,the videoconferencing system 100 may suggest “User 4” as a participant,and may indicate that the suggestion is based on the user's associationwith “Project 2,” which has been associated with the videoconference. Asyet another example, the videoconferencing system 100 may suggest “User5” as a participant, and may indicate that the suggestion is based onthe fact that the user is a frequent contributor in videoconferences(e.g., those related to the subject matter or materials of thisvideoconference, or any videoconference that the user participates in).

The associations between users and the content or data associated with avideoconference, from which the participant suggestions may begenerated, may include various different types of associations. Forexample, if a document is associated with the videoconference, thevideoconferencing system 100 may identify users who authored,contributed to, or edited the document, and suggest all or some of thoseusers to include. As another example, if a subject matter is associatedwith the videoconference, the videoconference system 100 may identifyusers who are associated with that subject matter by virtue of their jobtitle or job description, their previous inclusion in videoconferences(or other collaborations or events) associated with that subject matter,their contribution to documents that are associated with that subjectmatter, or the like. These are merely some examples of ways in which thevideoconferencing system 100 may identify associations between users andthe content or data of a videoconference.

FIG. 8 depicts the example videoconferencing system 100, showingadditional details of the videoconference services system 102. Thevideoconference services system 102 may include a videoconference server802, a videoconference database 800, a file store 804, a user profiledatabase 808, a project database 810, and an analytics engine 806. Thesecomponents may execute over one or more computing resources of thevideoconference services system 102, and may share resources such asstorage media, processors, memory, and the like. In some cases, they maybe instantiated as separate computer systems (e.g., servers, databases,etc.) that communicate with one another to provide the functionality ofthe videoconference services system 102.

The videoconference server 802 may provide core videoconferencingservices such as receiving videoconference streams (including audio andvideo streams) from multiple client devices, and routing audio and/orvideo streams to the client devices to facilitate the videoconferenceoperations. The videoconference server 802 also receives content andother data (e.g., documents, files, presentations, participantsuggestions, participation metrics, participation metric goal progress,etc.) from other systems and data stores of the videoconference servicessystem 102 and serves the data to the client devices. Thevideoconference server 802 may also receive content and other data fromthe clients and serve it to other clients and/or store it in the datastores of the videoconference services system 102.

The videoconference database 800 may store data associated withvideoconferences. For example, when a videoconference is created and/orheld, the videoconference database 800 may store information and/or dataabout the videoconference. Such information and/or data may includedocuments, files, presentations, and/or other content that wasassociated with, used during, or otherwise referred to in thevideoconference; invitees and/or participants in the videoconference;subject matter(s) associated with the videoconference; action itemsaddressed or generated during the videoconference; or the like. Thevideoconference database 800 may also store data related toparticipation metrics and participation metric goals. For example, thevideoconference database 800 (optionally in conjunction with the userprofile database 808) may store participation metrics for individuals(historical/running participation metrics and/or participation metricsfor individual videoconference events), participation metric goals,participation metric goal progress, participation factors (e.g., thedata from which participation metrics may be generated), and the like.

The file store 804 may store files associated with the videoconferencingsystem 100, and/or the broader collaborative work environment that isserved by the videoconferencing system 100. The file store 804 mayinclude any suitable files, including but not limited to documents,presentations, emails, images (e.g., pictures, videos, etc.),engineering drawings (e.g., CAD files), spreadsheets, source code, orany other suitable computer-storable information.

The user profile database 808 may store user profiles of users of thevideoconferencing system 100, and/or the broader collaborative workenvironment that is served by the videoconferencing system 100. Userprofiles may include data such as names; user names; employment status;employee title or role; teams, projects, or subject matters associatedwith the user; review-user authorizations and/or relationships;participation metrics; participation metric goals and goal progress; andthe like.

The project database 810 may store data associated with projects withinthe videoconferencing system 100 and/or the collaborative workenvironment that is served by the videoconferencing system 100. Theproject database 810 may store data and/or data structures related toidentified projects. For example, the project database 810 may storeproject information such as project names, project descriptions, projecttimelines, project due dates, lists of associated individuals, documentsor other files, and the like. In some cases the project database 810stores data structures that define relationships or links betweencontent in and among the databases and/or data stores of thevideoconferencing services system 102, such as user profiles (in theuser profile database 808), files (in the file store 804),videoconference data (in the videoconference database 800), or the like.

The analytics engine 806 may access or receive data from othercomponents of the videoconferencing system 100 to provide analyticsservices to the videoconferencing system 100. For example, the analyticsengine 806 may be configured to generate participation metrics, updateparticipation metrics in real time (e.g., during videoconferences),determine progress towards participation metric goals, and the like. Forexample, the analytics engine 806 may analyze audio content to determinean amount of time that a user is speaking, and generate a participationmetric based on the amount of time that the user is speaking. Theanalytics engine 806 may determine the amount of time the user isspeaking by analyzing the audio content from a given client device, andmay include determining when the audio signal is above a threshold(e.g., indicating that the user is speaking), and optionally analyzingthe content of the audio (e.g., to determine that the content isrelevant to the videoconference).

As another example, the analytics engine 806 may analyze the videocontent to determine a facial expression of the user, and generate theparticipation metric based at least in part on the facial expression ofthe user. As yet another example, the analytics engine 806 may determinea duration that the facial expression of the user corresponds to afacial expression indicative of inattentiveness, and generate theparticipation metric based at least in part on the duration that thefacial expression of the user corresponds to the facial expressionindicative of inattentiveness. The analytics engine 806 may use variousimage and video processing techniques to determine whether a facialexpression is indicative of inattentiveness, including, withoutlimitation, gaze detection (e.g., determining that the user's eyes arenot looking at the videoconference content), machine learning algorithms(e.g., analyzing the video content using a model that is trained on acorpus of images that are classified or tagged as being associated withattention or inattention), or the like.

The analytics engine 806 may also generate suggestions for sessionmaterials, subject matter, and invitees for videoconferences. Forexample, when a host is creating a videoconference (e.g., using thesession creation interface 702), the analytics engine 806 may identifysession materials, subject matter, and invitees based on the informationthat has been selected or entered for the videoconference. The analyticsengine 806 may continue to refine or update the suggestions asadditional information is associated with the videoconference (e.g., tosuggest additional relevant invitees when an additional subject matteris added).

The analytics engine 806 may perform any processing or generating stepsdescribed and/or claimed herein, and may access information from variousdatabases, file stores, or any other systems described herein or thatmay be employed in a videoconferencing system. The analytics engine 806may provide data and results of its operations (e.g., participationmetrics, participation metric goal progress, etc.) to thevideoconference server 802 so that the data and results may be providedto client devices for display or presentation in the user interfacesdescribed herein (e.g., participant interfaces, review-user interfaces,management interfaces, training interfaces, session informationinterfaces, session creation interfaces, etc.).

Unless otherwise stated, the terms “include” and “comprise” (andvariations thereof such as “including”, “includes”, “comprising”,“comprises”, “comprised” and the like) are used inclusively and do notexclude further features, components, integers, steps, or elements.

It will be understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined in thisspecification extend to alternative combinations of two or more of theindividual features mentioned in or evident from the text or drawings.All of these different combinations constitute alternative embodimentsof the present disclosure.

The present specification describes various embodiments with referenceto numerous specific details that may vary from implementation toimplementation. No limitation, element, property, feature, advantage orattribute that is not expressly recited in a claim should be consideredas a required or essential feature. Accordingly, the specification anddrawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictivesense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving a videoconferencestream from a client device of a plurality of client devicesparticipating in a videoconference, the videoconference streamcomprising: video content of a user of the client device; and audiocontent of the user of the client device; generating, during thevideoconference and based at least in part on at least one of the videocontent and the audio content, a participation metric for the user ofthe client device; displaying, to the user and during thevideoconference, first information based on the participation metric;updating the participation metric during the videoconference to producean updated participation metric; and displaying, to the user and duringthe videoconference, second information based on the updatedparticipation metric.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the user is afirst user; the client device is a first client device; theparticipation metric is a first participation metric; thevideoconference stream is a first videoconference stream; the methodfurther comprises: receiving a second videoconference stream, the secondvideoconference stream comprising: video content of a second user of thesecond client device; and audio content of the second user of the secondclient device; and generating, during the videoconference and based atleast in part on at least one of the second video content and the secondaudio content, a second participation metric for the second user of thesecond client device.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the methodfurther comprises displaying, to a third user and during thevideoconference, the first participation metric and the secondparticipation metric; and the third user is a host of thevideoconference.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprisingdisplaying, to the third user and during the videoconference a listingof videoconference participants in ranked order based on respectiveparticipation metrics of the respective videoconference participants. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein: generating the participation metriccomprises analyzing the audio content to determine an amount of timethat the user is speaking; and the participation metric is based atleast in part on the amount of time that the user is speaking.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein: generating the participation metriccomprises analyzing the video content to determine a facial expressionof the user; and the participation metric is based at least in part onthe facial expression of the user.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein:generating the participation metric further comprises determining aduration that the facial expression of the user corresponds to a facialexpression indicative of inattentiveness; and the participation metricis further based on the duration that the facial expression of the usercorresponds to the facial expression indicative of inattentiveness.
 8. Amethod, comprising: receiving, from a plurality of respective clientdevices participating in a videoconference, a plurality of respectivevideoconference streams, the respective video streams associated withrespective users; generating, during the videoconference and based atleast in part on information in the respective videoconference streams,respective participation metrics for the respective users; determining auser of the respective users that has a lowest participation metric; anddisplaying, to a host of the videoconference, the video stream of theuser that has the lowest participation metric; and in response todetermining the user that has the lowest participation metric,displaying, to the host of the videoconference, a graphical indicatorassociated with the video stream of the user that has the lowestparticipation metric.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:displaying, to the host of the videoconference, the video streamsassociated with each of the respective users; and the video stream ofthe user having the lowest participation metric is the largest videostream of the displayed video streams.
 10. The method of claim 8,further comprising displaying, to the host of the videoconference, thevideo streams associated with each of the respective users, wherein thevideo streams are displayed in ranked order based on the respectiveparticipation metrics of the respective users.
 11. The method of claim8, wherein the participation metrics are based at least in part onrespective historical participation metrics of the respective users. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein the participation metrics are based atleast in part on participation factors of the users determined duringthe videoconference.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising,after the videoconference, updating a database to include theparticipation factors determined during the videoconference.
 14. Amethod, comprising: receiving a videoconference stream from a clientdevice of a plurality of client devices participating in avideoconference, the videoconference stream comprising: video content ofa user of the client device; and audio content of the user of the clientdevice; receiving a participation metric goal for the user of the clientdevice; generating, during the videoconference and based at least inpart on at least one of the video content and the audio content, aparticipation metric for the user of the client device; determining aprogress towards the participation metric goal based on theparticipation metric; and displaying, to the user and during thevideoconference, the progress towards the participation metric goal. 15.The method of claim 14, further comprising: updating the participationmetric during the videoconference to produce an updated participationmetric; updating the progress towards the participation metric goalbased on the updated participation metric to produce an updated progresstowards the participation metric goal; and displaying, to the user andduring the videoconference, the updated progress towards theparticipation metric goal.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein theparticipation metric goal is based at least in part on an averageparticipation metric of a number of other users.
 17. The method of claim14, wherein: generating the participation metric comprises analyzing theaudio content to determine an amount of time that the user is speaking;the participation metric is based at least in part on the amount of timethat the user is speaking; and the participation metric goal is based atleast in part on a target amount of speaking time.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, wherein: generating the participation metric comprisesanalyzing the video content to determine an amount of time that the useris not attentive to the videoconference; the participation metric isfurther based at least in part on the amount of time that the user isnot attentive to the videoconference; and the participation metric goalis further based at least in part on a target amount of time that theuser is not attentive to the videoconference.
 19. The method of claim18, wherein the operation of analyzing the video content to determinethe amount of time that the user is not attentive to the videoconferencecomprises determining an amount of time the user's eyes are directedaway from the videoconference.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein theparticipation metric goal is based at least in part on an attribute ofthe user.